US20080053065A1 - Apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide - Google Patents
Apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Download PDFInfo
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- US20080053065A1 US20080053065A1 US11/711,510 US71151007A US2008053065A1 US 20080053065 A1 US20080053065 A1 US 20080053065A1 US 71151007 A US71151007 A US 71151007A US 2008053065 A1 US2008053065 A1 US 2008053065A1
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- decomposition
- hydrogen peroxide
- decomposition products
- engine
- catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new and improved apparatus and method for decomposing hydrogen peroxide, particularly for use as a hydrocarbon well bore and pipeline cleaning and maintenance aid.
- H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
- H 2 O 2 hydrogen peroxide
- the direct injection of hydrogen peroxide into a well serves as a chemical reactant. Because of its high reactivity, however, the injection of hydrogen peroxide into a well is fraught with difficulties and potential hazards. In addition, ever-tightening environmental standards preventing the discharge of hazardous materials into the environment further mitigate against the direct injection of hydrogen peroxide.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,006 to Hujsak discloses the direction of hydrogen peroxide into a well pipe.
- a catalyst is located within the well at the lower end of the pipe.
- the injected peroxide decomposes, the decomposition products performing a stimulation treatment.
- Such methodology requires care to keep the peroxide free of potential reactants as it is delivered down the piping.
- the decomposition reaction is also difficult to monitor and is uncontrolled.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,596 to Papst utilizes a similar system in which a decomposition reaction is initiated within the borehole at or above the level of the formation to be treated.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,967,840 of Nov. 6, 1990 to Miller discloses an apparatus for decomposing hydrogen peroxide especially for use as a flow stimulation media for hydrocarbon-bearing formations and discloses a basic system and method for its use in association therewith, in which the decomposition is performed outside the well, and the reaction products directed into the well.
- the '840 patent is deficient in that it neither provides an apparatus for efficient control or generation of the decomposition products, nor allows supervision or control over the metering of the decomposition products into a well or other facility.
- a further purpose of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus which allows the decomposition reaction to be controlled, monitored and adjusted in an efficient and ongoing manner.
- the present invention comprises a hydrogen peroxide decomposition engine with a decomposition chamber having a central pathway into which concentrated hydrogen peroxide is introduced, a catalyst shell through which the hydrogen peroxide passes and is converted into its decomposition products, and an exit venturi for controlling the flow of the hot, high-pressure, decomposition products.
- the control system of the present invention comprises a series of valves and pumps for the hydrogen peroxide as well as air, water and actional chemicals that may be added to the injected steam/oxygen mixture as well as valve and pump control means.
- Gauges and control means are preferably arrayed on a master control panel, the main control means for delivery of the hydrogen peroxide into the decomposition element being an electro-hydraulic joystick coupled to a pump for the peroxide.
- the decomposition products are thus monitored and metered into the well or other targeted structure in an efficient, safe and controlled manner.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition engine in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the inlet port assembly thereof
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the bottom outlet plate thereof
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of a catalyst element thereof
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of a system for injecting the hydrogen peroxide decomposition products into a well utilizing the inventive engine and control system;
- FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of the supply piping for the configuration depicted in FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 7 is an illustration of a control panel for the control system.
- hydrogen peroxide decomposition engine 10 comprises a generally cylindrical housing 12 , which may be on the scale of approximately 2 feet long.
- the housing is formed with a generally cylindrical central bore 14 which carries the decomposition reactor, as described infra.
- the central bore 14 terminates at its rear end in a converging/diverging venturi 17 formed in the housing through which the decomposition products exit the engine.
- the inlet side of the catalyst engine 10 has top plate 16 which is bolted to the top of the housing 12 through aligned bolt holes 19 and to which central perforated cylinder 18 is mounted, such as by welding.
- a sealing ring 21 is mounted in aligned circumferential notches in the top of the housing and on the bottom of the top plate to seal the top plate to the housing.
- the ring 21 may be of copper or other appropriate material to withstand the high temperature of the engine when in operation.
- Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is introduced through the top plate 16 and into the center of cylinder 18 through entranceway 20 in top plate 16 .
- the bottom end 22 of cylinder 18 is also perforated, whereby the introduced hydrogen peroxide flows outwardly through the perforations in the cylinder sidewall and bottom end.
- each of the catalyst elements 24 is preferably ring-shaped, and are thus stackable within the central bore 14 , fitting between the housing wall and the perforated cylinder 18 .
- the catalyst elements 24 may be formed of a porous silver mesh, the contact of concentrated hydrogen peroxide with the silver resulting in immediate decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in an exothermic reaction to gaseous oxygen and water in the form of water vapor or steam.
- a catalyst disc 24 A as shown in FIG. 1 , against which the bottom of the cylinder 18 contacts, provides the catalyst bed for the peroxide exiting through the perforated cylinder bottom 22 .
- Plate 26 Located at the bottom end of the central bore 14 is perforated bottom plate 26 further depicted in FIG. 3 .
- Plate 26 supports the catalyst element stack, and also provides for an exit way for the decomposition products from the stack.
- the parallel bores through the bottom plate eject the decomposition products generally downward, along the major axis of the engine, into the tapering portion of venturi 17 , which increases the velocity and lowers the pressure of the decomposition products as they are exhausted from the engine.
- the exit venturi of catalyst engine 10 is coupled to main delivery line 30 which delivers the decomposition products through knockoff coupler 32 to a well or other facility as appropriate.
- a temperature sensor such as thermocouple 34 , is positioned at the exit of the engine to monitor the exhaust temperature.
- Delivery lines 36 and 38 for water and air respectively, are connected to the main delivery line.
- a second temperature sensor 40 and a pressure sensor 42 are located in the delivery line 30 downstream of the air and water inlets, while a pair of electro-pneumatically activated (EPA) valves 44 and 46 are provided for pressure buildup and venting purposes.
- Valves 48 , 50 and 52 control the admission of peroxide, air and water, respectively into the system as depicted.
- the valves 48 , 50 and 52 are on the output lines from supply system 69 , depicted in FIG. 6 .
- system peroxide, air and water are stored in respective tanks 54 , 56 and 58 .
- a tank 70 may be provided for auxiliary chemicals desired to be injected into the well bed.
- the peroxide line is provided with pump 60
- the water line is provided with low pressure pumps 64 A, B and C and high pressure pumps 66 A, and B.
- the low and high pressure water pumps 64 A-C and 66 A, B may each be a tandem assembly of multiple pumps to insure continuity of operation.
- the high pressure pumps 66 A, B are blending pumps, allowing the chemicals in tank 70 to be combined with water as may be appropriate for well introduction.
- the system further includes appropriate piping and valving to allow pressurized air from tank 56 as well as water from tank 58 to be introduced to various lines for purging purposes as may be required.
- the valves themselves may be pneumatically operated, and the operating air line system for the valves is shown in dotted.
- the interconnections between the valves and the controllers therefor are conventional and are not otherwise shown.
- Disconnect fittings 71 may be utilized as appropriate to facilitate system interconnection and disassembly.
- FIG. 7 depicts a control panel for the operating system for the engine and piping system depicted in FIGS. 5 and 6 .
- the control panel may be embodied in a free-standing cabinet-like structure, or may be located in a trailer or other appropriate housing near the well or other facility to be treated and is connected to a suitable source of power and to the sensors, valves and the like for the system in a conventional manner. As may be seen, it includes a series of valve operators, represented by the ovanls, corresponding to and for controlling the valves depicted in FIG.
- gauges “G” 35 , 43 , and 45 for displaying the temperature and injection pressure monitored by the sensors 34 , 40 and 42 as well as gauge 37 for monitoring the water pressure injected through line 36 and gauge 41 for monitoring the pressure at peroxide pump 60 .
- Full operating status data of the decomposition engine and well injection components is continuously available to the system operator.
- Electro-hydraulic joystick 62 is the operator control element for the peroxide pump 60 and proportionally controls the operation of the pump through an electro-hydraulic valve-controlled hydraulic motor 63 .
- the output flow and pressure of H 2 O 2 pump 60 is proportional to the setting of joystick 62 , allowing continued and precise metering of the peroxide into the engine.
- control over the other valves, and particularly the valve in water line 36 allows precise control over the temperature and pressure of the oxygen/water vapor mixture being injected into the well.
- water from line 36 may be mixed with the decomposition products exiting from the engine.
- the high temperature steam-oxygen output of the catalyst engine 10 may be of too great a temperature for well introduction.
- the mixing of its decomposition products with additional water in delivery line 30 allows both the lowering of the blend temperature as a result of the heat of vaporization energy needed to convert the added water to steam, while also having pressure effects resulting from the further generation of gaseous water.
- both the temperature and pressure of the injected oxygen/steam blend can be precisely controlled.
- the system is powered up.
- a self-contained electrical power source typically a generator (not shown)
- a skid-mounted compressor (not shown) is actuated and brought up to operating pressure, typically 120 PSI, to provide compressed air for storage in air tank 56
- a hydraulic gas drive engine (also not shown) connected to a hydraulic motor (not shown) is turned on to provide hydraulic line pressure for the pumps.
- Control panel master switch 75 is turned on, and a visual check is performed to confirm that that all gauges appear to be functioning properly.
- Low PSI H 2 O delivery line 73 is drained to scavenge any water in the line.
- main water valve 59 open, low PSI H 2 O EPA delivery valve 52 is opened, and each low PSI H 2 O pump 64 A, B and C is activated individually to make sure that each pump is functioning correctly. Once the check is completed, valve 52 is closed. The first low PSI H 2 O pump ( 64 A) is then activated and remains on until the well stimulation procedure is completed. If there is a pump failure, one of the parallel backup pumps, 64 B or C, can be activated. Once a pump 64 is operating, low PSI H 2 O EPA delivery valve 52 may be opened at any time to retrieve low-pressure water.
- the speed of the hydraulic system's drive engine is adjusted as needed to maintain proper hydraulic line pressure.
- EPA valve 53 in the H 2 O 2 line is closed and main H 2 O 2 reciprocating EPA valve 55 from tank 54 is opened, allowing peroxide to flow to pump 60 .
- H 2 O 2 delivery valve 48 is also opened.
- Control joystick 62 coupled to the electro-hydraulic motor/controller 63 for pump 60 , is slowly throttled on and off in slight increments to initially introduce H 2 O 2 to the catalyst engine 10 .
- catalyst temperature gauge 35 starts reading above 250° F. Once this temperature is achieved, the catalyst engine 10 is preheated enough to allow the introduction of a steady flow of H 2 O 2 to the engine. This is accomplished by slightly easing the joystick 62 for the electro-hydraulic valve controller forward (open). H 2 O 2 pump PSI gauge 41 allows the operator to monitor the pressure at which H 2 O 2 is being fed into the catalyst engine 10 . The temperature on the catalyst engine gauge 35 will momentarily climb to between 800° F. and 900° F. Well injection temperature, as monitored on temperature gauge 43 , will also rise and equal out to the catalyst engine temperature. Depending on the operator's location, the operator can hear the catalyst engine on the tree assembly 11 as shown in FIG. 5 , and can also visually verify its exhaust through normally open EPA valve 44 passing into the atmosphere.
- joystick 62 for the electro-hydraulic motor/controller 63 for peroxide pump 60 is a “dead man” operator, meaning that it is normally in the off or closed position and returns to the off position automatically when hand operating pressure is removed from the joystick.
- the controller 63 is also normally closed or off, and open and on only when the joystick gets pushed forward. Once operator pressure is let off the joystick, the controller will immediately and automatically return to the closed off position, shutting off the pump 60 .
- high PSI H 2 O delivery EPA valve 72 With the catalyst engine 10 running at the desired operating temperature, high PSI H 2 O delivery EPA valve 72 is opened, and high PSI H 2 O pumps 66 A and B are activated individually. The operator will see volumes of steam, resulting from the contact between the introduced water and the high temperature engine exhaust products, exhausting to atmosphere from catalyst tree assembly 11 . H 2 O high PSI gauge 37 on the control panel, monitoring the pressure of the injected water, will also confirm the pressure at which the water is being introduced. As water is introduced, well injection temperature gauge 45 will read lower than catalyst temperature gauge 35 . After the high PSI check is completed, high PSI H 2 O pump 66 A/B is turned off to stop introduced water flow. (If one of the high PSI H 2 O pumps 66 A, B has a failure, the other pump can be used.)
- Joystick 62 is released to shut off peroxide pump 60 , and main H 2 O 2 reciprocating EPA valve 55 and high PSI H 2 O delivery EPA valve 72 are closed. H 2 O 2 reciprocating pump EPA valve 53 is opened.
- Chemical EPA valve 68 is opened to feed the additive to pumps 66 .
- the additive is introduced into the high pumps through a suction port.
- Well stimulation is typically completed when the well PSI gauge 45 shows a spike in pressure.
- N/O tree EPA valve 44 is re-opened and N/C tree EPA valve 46 is closed.
- High PSI H 2 O pump 66 A or B is shut down, high PSI delivery EPA valve 72 is closed, joystick 62 is released, H 2 O 2 delivery EPA valve 48 is closed, H 2 O 2 reciprocating pump valve 55 is opened and H 2 O 2 tank EPA valve 53 is closed.
- H 2 O 2 tank EPA valve 55 To flush the H 2 O 2 fuel line H 2 O 2 tank EPA valve 55 must be closed. The H 2 O 2 fuel line is disconnected from catalyst engine 10 , and the disconnected end of the line is placed in a bucket half full of water. H 2 O flush EPA valve 59 is opened, and the line is flushed out until only H 2 O is present. H 2 O flush EPA valve 59 is then closed. Air flush EPA valve 57 is opened until the remaining water in the line is removed, and the air flush EPA valve is then closed. The now clean H 2 O 2 delivery line is capped and disconnected for storage. The peroxide-containing flush bucket is topped off with water and the diluted H 2 O 2 discarded as appropriate.
- Low PSI H 2 O pump 64 A, B or C is shut down.
- Master power switch 75 for the control panel is turned off.
- the hydraulic gas drive, compressor, and generator are shut down.
- Tree 15 is disconnected from the well.
- a backup manual override system may be provided to activate the low PSI H 2 O pump and delivery line if water is needed at any time.
- the present system provides for effective and precise control over peroxide decomposition, blending of the decomposition products with water and additives as desired, and monitoring of injection of the resulting high temperature blend into a well or other facility. It also allows for efficient trouble shooting and shutdown in the unlikely event of a problem.
- H 2 O 2 pump PSI gauge 41 can be checked for pressure.
- N/O tree EPA valve 44 should be opened N/C tree EPA valve 46 closed.
- Joystick 62 is released and H 2 O low and high PSI checks performed. Once the checks are completed, shut down any defective pump and energize back ups.
Abstract
Description
- The present application claims the priority of
Provisional Application 60/841,417 filed Aug. 31, 2006. - The present invention relates to a new and improved apparatus and method for decomposing hydrogen peroxide, particularly for use as a hydrocarbon well bore and pipeline cleaning and maintenance aid.
- As oil and gas wells age their production often decreases. While a portion of such diminution is the obvious result of depletion of the hydrocarbon reservoir which is being tapped, the decrease of flow is often the result of the collection of higher weight hydrocarbons, such as paraffins in and near the bore hole and in the fractured hydrocarbon-bearing ground formation, which inhibit the hydrocarbon flow. In addition, the introduction of chemicals into the borehole for a variety of desired effects can, over the long term, cause flow blockage. In a similar manner, hydrocarbon pipelines may collect deposits which, over the long term, diminish the effective inner diameter of the pipe and thus limit its flow capacity.
- A variety of techniques are known and have been applied to remediate such blockage conditions. These techniques include mechanical procedures, such as scraping, the introduction of further chemical treatments to react with and dissolve blockages, as well as, more recently, the application of sonic energy to attack the blockages. Each of such techniques have their advantages and disadvantages.
- It is known to utilize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a stimulation vehicle. As an active oxidizer, the direct injection of hydrogen peroxide into a well serves as a chemical reactant. Because of its high reactivity, however, the injection of hydrogen peroxide into a well is fraught with difficulties and potential hazards. In addition, ever-tightening environmental standards preventing the discharge of hazardous materials into the environment further mitigate against the direct injection of hydrogen peroxide.
- It is also known to use hydrogen peroxide as a decomposition agent. The decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide are water and oxygen. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by use of an appropriate catalyst generates a high temperature mixture of oxygen and water in the form of water vapor or steam, and the injection of such a mixture into a well has found some measure of commercial value. As decomposition products, both oxygen and water can be vented to the environment without the environmental risk or harm associated with other agents.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,006 to Hujsak discloses the direction of hydrogen peroxide into a well pipe. A catalyst is located within the well at the lower end of the pipe. Upon contact with the catalyst the injected peroxide decomposes, the decomposition products performing a stimulation treatment. Such methodology requires care to keep the peroxide free of potential reactants as it is delivered down the piping. The decomposition reaction is also difficult to monitor and is uncontrolled. U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,596 to Papst utilizes a similar system in which a decomposition reaction is initiated within the borehole at or above the level of the formation to be treated.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,967,840 of Nov. 6, 1990 to Miller discloses an apparatus for decomposing hydrogen peroxide especially for use as a flow stimulation media for hydrocarbon-bearing formations and discloses a basic system and method for its use in association therewith, in which the decomposition is performed outside the well, and the reaction products directed into the well. As the introduction of any stimulation product into a hydrocarbon well must be carefully controlled and monitored, however, the '840 patent is deficient in that it neither provides an apparatus for efficient control or generation of the decomposition products, nor allows supervision or control over the metering of the decomposition products into a well or other facility.
- It is accordingly a purpose of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for performing a decomposition reaction for hydrogen peroxide outside a well or other structure to which the decomposition products are to be introduced and utilizing the decomposition products in connection with well stimulation and pipeline cleaning.
- A further purpose of the present invention is to provide such an apparatus which allows the decomposition reaction to be controlled, monitored and adjusted in an efficient and ongoing manner.
- In accordance with the foregoing and other objects and purposes, the present invention comprises a hydrogen peroxide decomposition engine with a decomposition chamber having a central pathway into which concentrated hydrogen peroxide is introduced, a catalyst shell through which the hydrogen peroxide passes and is converted into its decomposition products, and an exit venturi for controlling the flow of the hot, high-pressure, decomposition products. The control system of the present invention comprises a series of valves and pumps for the hydrogen peroxide as well as air, water and actional chemicals that may be added to the injected steam/oxygen mixture as well as valve and pump control means. Gauges and control means are preferably arrayed on a master control panel, the main control means for delivery of the hydrogen peroxide into the decomposition element being an electro-hydraulic joystick coupled to a pump for the peroxide. The decomposition products are thus monitored and metered into the well or other targeted structure in an efficient, safe and controlled manner.
- A fuller understanding of the present invention will be achieved with consideration of the annexed drawings, wherein:
-
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition engine in accordance with the invention; -
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of the inlet port assembly thereof; -
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the bottom outlet plate thereof; -
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a catalyst element thereof; -
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of a system for injecting the hydrogen peroxide decomposition products into a well utilizing the inventive engine and control system; -
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of the supply piping for the configuration depicted inFIG. 5 ; and -
FIG. 7 is an illustration of a control panel for the control system. - With initial reference to
FIGS. 1-4 , hydrogenperoxide decomposition engine 10 comprises a generallycylindrical housing 12, which may be on the scale of approximately 2 feet long. The housing is formed with a generally cylindricalcentral bore 14 which carries the decomposition reactor, as described infra. Thecentral bore 14 terminates at its rear end in a converging/divergingventuri 17 formed in the housing through which the decomposition products exit the engine. As further depicted inFIGS. 1 and 2 , the inlet side of thecatalyst engine 10 hastop plate 16 which is bolted to the top of thehousing 12 through alignedbolt holes 19 and to which centralperforated cylinder 18 is mounted, such as by welding. Asealing ring 21 is mounted in aligned circumferential notches in the top of the housing and on the bottom of the top plate to seal the top plate to the housing. Thering 21 may be of copper or other appropriate material to withstand the high temperature of the engine when in operation. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide is introduced through thetop plate 16 and into the center ofcylinder 18 throughentranceway 20 intop plate 16. Thebottom end 22 ofcylinder 18 is also perforated, whereby the introduced hydrogen peroxide flows outwardly through the perforations in the cylinder sidewall and bottom end. - Surrounding the
cylinder 18 within the engine'scentral bore 14 are a series of stackedcatalyst elements 24. As seen inFIG. 4 , each of thecatalyst elements 24 is preferably ring-shaped, and are thus stackable within thecentral bore 14, fitting between the housing wall and the perforatedcylinder 18. As known in the art, thecatalyst elements 24 may be formed of a porous silver mesh, the contact of concentrated hydrogen peroxide with the silver resulting in immediate decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide in an exothermic reaction to gaseous oxygen and water in the form of water vapor or steam. Acatalyst disc 24A, as shown inFIG. 1 , against which the bottom of thecylinder 18 contacts, provides the catalyst bed for the peroxide exiting through the perforatedcylinder bottom 22. - Located at the bottom end of the
central bore 14 is perforatedbottom plate 26 further depicted inFIG. 3 .Plate 26 supports the catalyst element stack, and also provides for an exit way for the decomposition products from the stack. The parallel bores through the bottom plate eject the decomposition products generally downward, along the major axis of the engine, into the tapering portion ofventuri 17, which increases the velocity and lowers the pressure of the decomposition products as they are exhausted from the engine. - As depicted in
FIG. 5 , the exit venturi ofcatalyst engine 10 is coupled tomain delivery line 30 which delivers the decomposition products throughknockoff coupler 32 to a well or other facility as appropriate. A temperature sensor, such asthermocouple 34, is positioned at the exit of the engine to monitor the exhaust temperature.Delivery lines second temperature sensor 40 and apressure sensor 42 are located in thedelivery line 30 downstream of the air and water inlets, while a pair of electro-pneumatically activated (EPA)valves Valves - The
valves supply system 69, depicted inFIG. 6 . As depicted therein, system peroxide, air and water are stored inrespective tanks tank 70 may be provided for auxiliary chemicals desired to be injected into the well bed. The peroxide line is provided withpump 60, while the water line is provided with low pressure pumps 64A, B and C and high pressure pumps 66A, and B. The low and high pressure water pumps 64A-C and 66A, B may each be a tandem assembly of multiple pumps to insure continuity of operation. The high pressure pumps 66A, B are blending pumps, allowing the chemicals intank 70 to be combined with water as may be appropriate for well introduction. The system further includes appropriate piping and valving to allow pressurized air fromtank 56 as well as water fromtank 58 to be introduced to various lines for purging purposes as may be required. The valves themselves may be pneumatically operated, and the operating air line system for the valves is shown in dotted. The interconnections between the valves and the controllers therefor are conventional and are not otherwise shown. Disconnectfittings 71 may be utilized as appropriate to facilitate system interconnection and disassembly. -
FIG. 7 depicts a control panel for the operating system for the engine and piping system depicted inFIGS. 5 and 6 . The control panel may be embodied in a free-standing cabinet-like structure, or may be located in a trailer or other appropriate housing near the well or other facility to be treated and is connected to a suitable source of power and to the sensors, valves and the like for the system in a conventional manner. As may be seen, it includes a series of valve operators, represented by the ovanls, corresponding to and for controlling the valves depicted inFIG. 6 , along with gauges “G” 35, 43, and 45 for displaying the temperature and injection pressure monitored by thesensors gauge 37 for monitoring the water pressure injected throughline 36 andgauge 41 for monitoring the pressure atperoxide pump 60. Full operating status data of the decomposition engine and well injection components is continuously available to the system operator. - Electro-
hydraulic joystick 62 is the operator control element for theperoxide pump 60 and proportionally controls the operation of the pump through an electro-hydraulic valve-controlledhydraulic motor 63. The output flow and pressure of H2O2 pump 60 is proportional to the setting ofjoystick 62, allowing continued and precise metering of the peroxide into the engine. At the same time, control over the other valves, and particularly the valve inwater line 36, allows precise control over the temperature and pressure of the oxygen/water vapor mixture being injected into the well. As may be seen inFIG. 5 , water fromline 36 may be mixed with the decomposition products exiting from the engine. The high temperature steam-oxygen output of thecatalyst engine 10 may be of too great a temperature for well introduction. The mixing of its decomposition products with additional water indelivery line 30 allows both the lowering of the blend temperature as a result of the heat of vaporization energy needed to convert the added water to steam, while also having pressure effects resulting from the further generation of gaseous water. By appropriate operation of the system both the temperature and pressure of the injected oxygen/steam blend can be precisely controlled. - The following is a further explanation of a typical control sequence for the operation of the peroxide decomposition and injection system of the invention incorporating the elements of the control panel of
FIG. 7 . - In an initial step the system is powered up. As the system will be used at an oilfield that may be without a source of electric power, a self-contained electrical power source, typically a generator (not shown), is powered up. A skid-mounted compressor (not shown) is actuated and brought up to operating pressure, typically 120 PSI, to provide compressed air for storage in
air tank 56, and a hydraulic gas drive engine (also not shown) connected to a hydraulic motor (not shown) is turned on to provide hydraulic line pressure for the pumps. Controlpanel master switch 75 is turned on, and a visual check is performed to confirm that that all gauges appear to be functioning properly. - Low PSI H2
O delivery line 73 is drained to scavenge any water in the line. Withmain water valve 59 open, low PSI H2OEPA delivery valve 52 is opened, and each low PSI H2O pump 64A, B and C is activated individually to make sure that each pump is functioning correctly. Once the check is completed,valve 52 is closed. The first low PSI H2O pump (64A) is then activated and remains on until the well stimulation procedure is completed. If there is a pump failure, one of the parallel backup pumps, 64B or C, can be activated. Once a pump 64 is operating, low PSI H2OEPA delivery valve 52 may be opened at any time to retrieve low-pressure water. - The speed of the hydraulic system's drive engine is adjusted as needed to maintain proper hydraulic line pressure.
EPA valve 53 in the H2O2 line is closed and main H2O2 reciprocatingEPA valve 55 fromtank 54 is opened, allowing peroxide to flow to pump 60. H2O2 delivery valve 48 is also opened.Control joystick 62, coupled to the electro-hydraulic motor/controller 63 forpump 60, is slowly throttled on and off in slight increments to initially introduce H2O2to thecatalyst engine 10. - As this process is continued decomposition proceeds and
catalyst temperature gauge 35 starts reading above 250° F. Once this temperature is achieved, thecatalyst engine 10 is preheated enough to allow the introduction of a steady flow of H2O2 to the engine. This is accomplished by slightly easing thejoystick 62 for the electro-hydraulic valve controller forward (open). H2O2pump PSI gauge 41 allows the operator to monitor the pressure at which H2O2 is being fed into thecatalyst engine 10. The temperature on thecatalyst engine gauge 35 will momentarily climb to between 800° F. and 900° F. Well injection temperature, as monitored on temperature gauge 43, will also rise and equal out to the catalyst engine temperature. Depending on the operator's location, the operator can hear the catalyst engine on the tree assembly 11 as shown inFIG. 5 , and can also visually verify its exhaust through normallyopen EPA valve 44 passing into the atmosphere. - It is to be recognized that
joystick 62 for the electro-hydraulic motor/controller 63 forperoxide pump 60 is a “dead man” operator, meaning that it is normally in the off or closed position and returns to the off position automatically when hand operating pressure is removed from the joystick. Thus, thecontroller 63 is also normally closed or off, and open and on only when the joystick gets pushed forward. Once operator pressure is let off the joystick, the controller will immediately and automatically return to the closed off position, shutting off thepump 60. - With the
catalyst engine 10 running at the desired operating temperature, high PSI H2Odelivery EPA valve 72 is opened, and high PSI H2O pumps 66A and B are activated individually. The operator will see volumes of steam, resulting from the contact between the introduced water and the high temperature engine exhaust products, exhausting to atmosphere from catalyst tree assembly 11. H2Ohigh PSI gauge 37 on the control panel, monitoring the pressure of the injected water, will also confirm the pressure at which the water is being introduced. As water is introduced, well injection temperature gauge 45 will read lower thancatalyst temperature gauge 35. After the high PSI check is completed, high PSI H2O pump 66A/B is turned off to stop introduced water flow. (If one of the high PSI H2O pumps 66A, B has a failure, the other pump can be used.) -
Joystick 62 is released to shut offperoxide pump 60, and main H2O2 reciprocatingEPA valve 55 and high PSI H2Odelivery EPA valve 72 are closed. H2O2 reciprocatingpump EPA valve 53 is opened. - The system is now ready for well injection. At this point a desired well injection temperature is determined, and a main gate valve (not shown) on the well, attached to the catalyst tree assembly 11 by means of
knockoff coupler 32, must be open. H2O2 reciprocatingpump EPA valve 53 is closed, and H2O2 valves 55 and 48 are opened.Joystick 62 for the electro-hydraulic motor/controller 63 is throttled to start upcatalyst engine 10. Once thecatalyst engine 10 is at operating temperature, typically 800° F,-900° F.), observed on thecatalyst temperature gauge 35, high PSI H2Odelivery EPA valve 72 is opened and high PSI H2O pump 66A or B is activated. When the determined well injection temperature is met and maintained by observing well injection temperature gauge 43 (and is obtained by cycling high PSI H2O pump 66A or B) the normally closed (N/C)tree EPA valve 46 is opened and the normally open (N/O)tree EPA valve 44 is closed, stopping venting and allowing the engine exhaust and introduced water blend to enter the well.Joystick 62 is throttled as required to maintain pressure. N/Ctree EPA valve 46 must be opened before N/Otree EPA valve 44 is closed. By the operator throttling forward on thejoystick 62, appropriate delivery pressure into the well can be controlled and maintained as the operator observes the well injection PSI gauge 45. - While the system is running down hole, chemical additives can be injected by blending them with injected water.
Chemical EPA valve 68 is opened to feed the additive to pumps 66. The additive is introduced into the high pumps through a suction port. - Well stimulation is typically completed when the well PSI gauge 45 shows a spike in pressure. Once the injection is completed, N/O
tree EPA valve 44 is re-opened and N/Ctree EPA valve 46 is closed. High PSI H2O pump 66A or B is shut down, high PSIdelivery EPA valve 72 is closed,joystick 62 is released, H2O2delivery EPA valve 48 is closed, H2O2 reciprocatingpump valve 55 is opened and H2O2tank EPA valve 53 is closed. - To flush the H2O2 fuel line H2O2
tank EPA valve 55 must be closed. The H2O2 fuel line is disconnected fromcatalyst engine 10, and the disconnected end of the line is placed in a bucket half full of water. H2Oflush EPA valve 59 is opened, and the line is flushed out until only H2O is present. H2Oflush EPA valve 59 is then closed. Air flush EPA valve 57 is opened until the remaining water in the line is removed, and the air flush EPA valve is then closed. The now clean H2O2 delivery line is capped and disconnected for storage. The peroxide-containing flush bucket is topped off with water and the diluted H2O2 discarded as appropriate. - Low PSI H2O pump 64A, B or C is shut down.
Master power switch 75 for the control panel is turned off. The hydraulic gas drive, compressor, and generator are shut down. Tree 15 is disconnected from the well. A backup manual override system may be provided to activate the low PSI H2O pump and delivery line if water is needed at any time. - The present system provides for effective and precise control over peroxide decomposition, blending of the decomposition products with water and additives as desired, and monitoring of injection of the resulting high temperature blend into a well or other facility. It also allows for efficient trouble shooting and shutdown in the unlikely event of a problem.
- If the catalyst temperature radically declines, H2O2
pump PSI gauge 41 can be checked for pressure. - If there is a large decrease in pressure, a normal shutdown sequence can be followed, as there is no available H2O2. If pressure reads correct,
joystick 62 should be immediately released. High PSI H2O pump 66A or B should remain active for approximately five seconds to assist in cooling the system; N/Otree EPA valve 44 is then opened to vent the system to the atmosphere while N/Ctree EPA valve 46 is closed to cap the well. - If there is a loss of H2O pump 66A or B pressure, N/O
tree EPA valve 44 should be opened N/Ctree EPA valve 46 closed.Joystick 62 is released and H2O low and high PSI checks performed. Once the checks are completed, shut down any defective pump and energize back ups.
Claims (23)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/711,510 US8020614B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-02-27 | Apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide |
EA200900377A EA016029B1 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-30 | Apparatus of controlled injection for decomposition products of hydrogen peroxide |
CA002662044A CA2662044A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-30 | Improved apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide |
EP07814565A EP2057346A2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-30 | Improved apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide |
PCT/US2007/077193 WO2008028015A2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-30 | Improved apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide |
JP2009526905A JP2010502861A (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-08-30 | Improved apparatus for decomposing hydrogen peroxide |
CO09031811A CO6170383A2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2009-03-27 | IMPROVED DEVICE FOR THE DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PERIOXIDE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US84141706P | 2006-08-31 | 2006-08-31 | |
US11/711,510 US8020614B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-02-27 | Apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080053065A1 true US20080053065A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
US8020614B2 US8020614B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
Family
ID=39136865
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/711,510 Expired - Fee Related US8020614B2 (en) | 2006-08-31 | 2007-02-27 | Apparatus for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8020614B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2057346A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010502861A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2662044A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO6170383A2 (en) |
EA (1) | EA016029B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008028015A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100089577A1 (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-15 | Potter Drilling, Inc. | Methods and Apparatus for Thermal Drilling |
CN102658066A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-09-12 | 葛明龙 | Catalytic decomposition low-concentration hydrogen peroxide reactor, combustion chamber and application thereof |
US20160047211A1 (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2016-02-18 | Global Oil EOR Systems, Ltd. | Hydrogen peroxide steam generator for oilfield applications |
US10673082B2 (en) | 2015-12-09 | 2020-06-02 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | System and method for fuel cell cathode gas humidification |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20210148307A1 (en) | 2019-01-30 | 2021-05-20 | Laboratoire Reaction Dynamics Inc. | Rocket engine with integrated oxidizer catalyst in manifold and injector assembly |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200900377A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
WO2008028015A2 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
CO6170383A2 (en) | 2010-06-18 |
EA016029B1 (en) | 2012-01-30 |
US8020614B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 |
JP2010502861A (en) | 2010-01-28 |
CA2662044A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
WO2008028015A3 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
EP2057346A2 (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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